The survival and transformation of annular pacchas in Cusco: an example of artistic and ideological continuity and change

La sobrevivencia y transformación de pacchas anulares en el Cusco: un ejemplo de continuidad y cambio artístico e ideológico

DOI: https://doi.org

RICHARD L. BURGER

Resumen

Pacchas were ritual vessels used in libations and expressed elements of pre-Hispanic cosmology in the Andes long after the Spanish conquest. This article describes, for the first time, annular pacchas from Cusco from the Colonial Period and the 19th and 20th centuries. These pacchas are distinguished by their ring-shaped chamber and short vertical spout and survived as a symbol and valued ritual element for Andean people from ad 1532 to the 20th century. Their role in rain and fertility rituals is expressed by their shape and by the representation of the amaru, the mythical snake of Andean cosmovision.

Keywords:
Pacchas, Keros, Andean religion, Kubler, Amaru, Cherubs, Cusco, Colonial ceramics, Folk art, Culture change.

Referencias

Allen, C. J. 2002. The incas have gone inside: pattern and persistence in andean iconography. res Anthropology and Aesthetics 42: 180-203.

Alva, W. 1986. Cerámica temprana en el valle de Jequetepeque, norte del Perú. In Materialen zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Archäologie, vol. 32, kava. Munich: C.H. Beck.

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Blower, D. 2000. The many facets of mullu: more than just a spondylus shell. Andean Past 6: 209-228.

Burger, R. 1992. Chavin and the origin of andean civilization. London: Thames and Hudson.

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Imágenes

Figure 1. Ceramic annular paccha in the form of a snake. Chimu-Inca style, north coast of Peru, Late Horizon. mnaah, Lima. Figura 1. Paccha cerámica de base anular en forma de serpiente. Estilo Chimú-Inca, costa norte de Perú, Horizonte Tardío, mnaah, Lima.

Figure 7. Ceramic annular paccha with strap handles, applique lip band and modeled cherub face (mi-1). Colonial Period, Cusco. Museo Inka, Cusco. Figura 7. Paccha cerámica de cámara anular con mangos de correa, venda de labios sobrepuesta y cara de querubín modelado (mi-1). Período Colonial, Cusco. Museo Inka, Cusco.

Figure 13. Ceramic annular paccha with modeled cherub wearing ear ornaments with inlayed colored glass (mncp-1) on the spout and braided amarus and secondary elements on the ring-shaped chamber (mncp-1). Colonial Period, mncp, Lima. Figura 13. Paccha cerámica de cámara anular con querubín modelado usando decoraciones de orejas con vidrios de colores incrustados (mncp-1) en la boquilla y amarus trenzados y elementos secundarios sobre la cámara circular (mncp-1). Período Colonial, mncp, Lima.

Figure 20. Annular paccha with braided amarus covered with cane stamping and adorned with stylized secondary elements (mi-3). Museo Inka, Cusco, 19th century. Figura 20. Paccha cerámica de cámara anular con amarus trenzados cubierta con timbre de caña y adornada con elementos secundarios estilizados (mi-3). Museo Inka, Cusco, siglo xix.

Figure 25. Annular paccha with three spouts and a modeled camelid head with ears held by anthropomorphic hands (pc-2). Anonymous private collection. Cusco, 20th century. Figura 25. Paccha de cámara anular con tres boquillas y una cabeza modelada de camélido con orejas sostenida por manos antropomórficas (pc-2). Colección privada anónima. Cusco, siglo xx.

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